To date, there are several methods of laser spectroscopy that have a high distinguishing ability and make it possible to study a very wide range of physicochemical phenomena. In my scientific work, I studied the pressure of saturated vapors of gallium and indium metal atoms by photoionization with ultraviolet laser beams. In science and technology, the recording of extremely small numbers of atoms and molecules is an important technological issue. This is due to the fact that today, when solving many issues, namely: in technologies for obtaining ultrapure substances, in modern analytical chemistry, in geology and mineralogy, in medicine and environmental protection, methods are used to determine the concentration of the studied atoms and molecules. 10-8 -10-11 checksum in % required. In some areas, such analyzes can be carried out by traditional methods, but in most cases this sensitivity threshold is limited to 10-7%. The method of laser spectroscopy makes it possible to continuously monitor the kinetics of the processes of evaporation of substances in a vacuum. Absorption spectra can also be successfully applied to complex atoms located in the region of laser generation. During one pulse of a laser beam, it is possible to register atoms or molecules of a certain type that are in a certain quantum state. Recording a single atom has become commonplace for the photoionization method today.

    During thermal heating of gallium and indium metals, it is possible to form a beam of atoms and determine the pressures of saturated vapors of their atoms by laser spectroscopy. The study of the phase distribution of atoms in the resulting beam and the determination of its correspondence to the Gaussian or Lorentzian distribution will be more useful for us.

    The study of spectroscopic parameters that affect the formation of an atomic beam in a pulsed and constant electric field makes it possible to determine their geometric parameters. In typical spectroscopy, we are well aware that the boundary condition, which imposes limits on the degree of selectivity, is the phenomenon of overlap due to the width of two mutually close spectral lines. For this reason, in conventional spectroscopy it is impossible to distinguish, for example, the spectrum of radiocarbon 11C separately from the spectrum of the carbon atom 12C, since their spectral lines are located very close to each other. Despite these shortcomings, this difficulty was alleviated by laser photoionization by separately recording the 11K radiocarbon spectrum.

    A bunch of indium atoms is formed as a result of heating in a high-temperature furnace, caused by the exudation of indium vapor. In this case, 5 grams of indium metal placed in a furnace crucible is heated to a temperature of 17000C and collimated into 2 4 mm li diaphragms installed in the furnace slot, forming an atomic beam with a very small scattering angle (α 50). Vacuum in the photoionization chamber 10-5 mm. noah of the republic. When checked against the symbolic formula, the density of atoms above 30 mm from the last collimator was calculated to be 1010 atm/cm3. A laser beam with a wavelength of 410.2 Nm is focused on an atomic lever 50 mm above the diaphragm and, moving along the “X”, “Y” or “Z” axes, as a result of which a photoionization signal is recorded on the detector, the shape of the densitagram is recorded.

    It can be seen from the densitogram that the concentration in the beam of atoms is darker in the center and decreases with distance. With a total densitogram diameter of 7.3 mm, its half width was 5.5 mm. In this case, the shape of the photon signal generated by the photonization of indium atoms was also similar to the shape of the signal obtained in the densitogram, with a half width of 6.4 mm. This confirmed the correctness of the results obtained by the photoionization method. Using this method, it is possible to measure with great accuracy not only a beam of gallium and indium atoms, but also the concentration of atoms in the beam of the desired atoms.

 

Shukhrat Khaidarov,

Doctoral student of Samarkand State University.