Steppe-pasture animal husbandry occupies a significant place in agriculture and production in our country. For centuries, desert pastures have served as an ecosystem that has provided high quality fodder for traditional grazing. Ensuring its sustainable development is one of the factors for ensuring food security and the well-being of our people.

    In steppe-pasture animal husbandry, natural pastures are the main source of food and are used in all seasons of the year. The current state of the steppe pastures existing in our country, unfortunately, cannot be called good. Given the current situation that has arisen as a result of non-systemic and unregulated feeding, this problem is one of the most urgent today. Therefore, much attention is currently paid to research related to grazing and its consequences. Irregular use of pastures has led to a crisis due to regular grazing. Cases of a sharp change in the vegetation cover on steppe pastures can be traced by the example of the fact that the number of low-consumption, harmful and poisonous species is growing in these territories. This, combined with a decrease in the productivity of pastures, leads to a sharp reduction in natural vegetation, which is well eaten by livestock, and an intensification of desertification processes caused by a violation of the water regime. The disappearance of resistant and variegated species in desert types of pastures leads to the emergence of open pastures unsuitable for grazing. According to the analysis, today 16.4 million hectares (78%) of the country's pasturelands are in crisis, the number of plant species in pastures and hayfields has decreased by more than 20%, and the yield has decreased by 2 times. Irregular use of pastures not only leads to a thinning of the vegetation cover, but also poses a serious threat to the diversity of our flora. Unfortunately, about 40% of plant species listed in the "Red Book" of the Republic of Uzbekistan are directly disappearing from our flora as a result of irregular and excessive grazing.

    The decrease in the stability and productivity of plant communities is becoming increasingly important. These species include the natural pastures of Karnobchul.

    One of the most important tasks facing the agricultural sector of our country is the issues of preventing and overcoming the pasture crisis and the problem of desertification, which in recent years have become increasingly acute in our country. In the context of an ever-increasing level of crisis, one of the most urgent and complex issues is to determine the current state of the pastures of the republic and, on this basis, develop ways for their rational use. Ecological and physiological study of pasture phytocenoses is important for assessing the state of pastures. Because both ecological and physiological changes affect the survival of plants, the quantity and quality of pasture biomass. Knowledge of both the ecological and physiological impact of plants on the environment is the basis for understanding how plants respond to anthropogenic factors.

 

Shukhrat Valiev,

Doctoral student of Samarkand State University.

Supervisor - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor - Toshpulot Rajabov.