Medicinal chamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants widely used in medicine. In pharmaceuticals, chamomile flowers are widely used and receive a variety of drugs. At the same time, medicinal chamomile is widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, chamomile is of great importance in the development of pharmaceuticals, medicine and traditional medicine. At the same time, medicinal chamomile is an export-oriented crop. It plays an important role in the development of the republic's economy. Therefore, determining the exactingness of medicinal chamomile to soil and climatic conditions is relevant for the correct determination of the areas of its cultivation and the achievement of a high and high-quality yield.

    Master of the Faculty of Agrobiotechnology and Food Safety of Samarkand State University Nafisa Yusupova conducts scientific research on the properties of medicinal chamomile. Scientific Supervisor-Associate Professor of the Department of Soil Science and Agrotechnologies Tulkin Ortikov. In the course of his scientific research, the researcher studies the medicinal properties and prospects for the use of chamomile.

    - Chamomile is a plant of temperate climate, does not like shady places, - says Nafisa Yusupova. - In nature and in production, it reproduces only by seeds. Medicinal chamomile does not make high demands on soil fertility; it is successfully grown both on loamy soils with a light mechanical composition, and on heavy loamy and clayey soils with a mechanical composition. At the same time, in humid and insufficiently nutritious conditions, the intensity of flowering, the number and mass of buds decrease, and the process of seed maturation accelerates. Medicinal chamomile, sown on seeds, is grown outside of crop rotation. Because most of the ripe seeds fall into the soil and germinate like a weed the next year. In general, the technology for growing medicinal chamomile grown both from raw materials and from seeds, including soil preparation, crop and plant care, will be similar. Medicinal chamomile is grown as a crop that is cultivated between rows, like most medicinal plants. This allows you to mechanize the loosening of row spacing and facilitates weed control. There is evidence in the literature that with an increase or decrease in the sowing rate in seed fields, the yield of seeds increased when using a closed and narrow-row sowing method.

    Medicinal chamomile can also grow well in loose soils. For this, the annual rainfall must be above 600 mm. Medicinal chamomile plant-lover. For normal growth and development, it needs a long daylight hours with high light intensity. The most optimal air temperature during the growing season is 19-20 ° C, especially during the flowering period. Medicinal chamomile is the most common and widely used medicinal plant in the world. The most phytotherapeutically useful organ of medicinal chamomile is yarrow. Their medicinal effect is measured by the content and amount of essential oils.

    Thus, chamomile is adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, has all the conditions for the normal course of its growth, development and harvest. Even on saline soils of Uzbekistan, in particular on solonetzic ones, medicinal chamomile can be successfully grown.

    Chamomile is useful for sore throat and colds, chronic hepatitis, gastritis, ulcers, kidney and skin diseases. Chamomile tincture calms the nerves and refreshes the body. Chamomile tincture, drunk before going to bed, will ensure a restful sleep.

    Chamomile is incredibly effective in the problem of cracked heels that plague many with the advent of summer. To do this, in water with a solution of chamomile and sea salt, which the feet hold for 15-20 minutes, the skin of the palms and heels becomes tender.

 

Iroda Bekmurodova

Information Service Officer

Samarkand State University

Photos taken by Shavkat Akramov.